Анализ сайта bosozokustyle.com
Основное Готовность: 75%
Домен
bosozokustyle.com
Состояние доменного имени
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Проверяем корректность доменного имени и наличие технических проблем на уровне домена.
Длина домена велика. Но если вы продвигаете запрос, входящий в название домена, то это хорошо.
Домен второго уровня идеален для продвижения.
Ответ сервера
200 Успешный ответ
HTTP-код ответа и цепочка редиректов
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Код 200 — страница доступна. Коды 3xx — редиректы (цепочки замедляют загрузку и размывают ссылочный вес). Коды 4xx/5xx — ошибки, поисковик не сможет проиндексировать страницу.
Кол-во редиректов 3 слишком большое! Проверьте настройки сайта и веб-сервера!
Цепочка редиректов:
http://bosozokustyle.com
301 MovedPermanently
https://bosozokustyle.com/
301 MovedPermanently
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bōsōzoku
200 OK
Безопасность
Сайт безопасен
Использование HTTPS и SSL-сертификат
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HTTPS — обязательный стандарт. Google и Яндекс отдают предпочтение защищённым сайтам. Отсутствие SSL или просроченный сертификат ведут к предупреждениям в браузере и снижению позиций.
На сайте работает защищенный протокол ssl и сайт открывается по https.
Ssl-сертификат действителен до 01.11.2026 5:48:20.
Включён HSTS (Strict-Transport-Security) — защита от подмены на http.
HTTP автоматически перенаправляется на HTTPS.
Поздравляем! Сайт не содержится в реестре РКН.
Кодировка
UTF-8
Кодировка символов страницы
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Стандарт — UTF-8. Неправильная кодировка вызывает нечитаемые символы и мешает поисковику корректно распознать текст страницы.
Указана кодировка на странице UTF-8.
Язык
en
Атрибут lang в HTML-теге
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Атрибут lang (<html lang="ru">) сообщает поисковикам и браузерам, на каком языке написана страница. Помогает при ранжировании в региональном поиске.
Язык документа указан явно: en.
Скорость загрузки
~0,80сек
Время отклика сервера (TTFB)
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Time To First Byte — время до получения первого байта от сервера. Норма до 200 мс. Медленный отклик ухудшает пользовательский опыт и ранжирование: Яндекс и Google учитывают скорость страниц.
Скорость загрузки сайта 0,80сек оптимальна.
Объем документа
186Кб
Размер HTML-кода страницы
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Слишком большой HTML замедляет парсинг браузером и сканирование поисковым роботом. Рекомендуется не более 200 Кб.
Объем html-документа 186Кб оптимален.
Структура html-документа корректна.
Ресурсы
Ресурсы: 3
Внешние ресурсы страницы (CSS, JS, изображения)
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Количество и тип подключённых ресурсов влияют на скорость загрузки. Большое число запросов увеличивает время рендеринга страницы.
Кол-во файлов ресурсов 3 достаточно.
Показать полный список ресурсов
| Тип | Название | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| stylesheet | /w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.parsoid.styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.pygments%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.skinning.content.parsoid%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022 | |
| stylesheet | /w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022 | |
| js | /w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022 |
Серверные заголовки
Кол-во: 20
HTTP-заголовки ответа сервера
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Заголовки сервера передают браузеру и поисковику служебную информацию: кеширование, безопасность (CSP, HSTS), сжатие (gzip). Правильная настройка ускоряет загрузку и повышает защищённость.
Найдены серверные заголовки 20шт. Подробнее про серверные заголовки.
Показать полный список серверных заголовков
| Ключ | Значение |
|---|---|
| Date | Fri, 21 Aug 2026 18:42:06 GMT |
| Server | ATS/9.2.15 |
| X-Content-Type-Options | nosniff |
| accept-ch | |
| reporting-endpoints | csp-report-to-endpoint='/w/api.php?action=cspreport&format=json'; |
| Content-Security-Policy | script-src 'unsafe-eval' blob: 'self' meta.wikimedia.org *.wikimedia.org *.wikipedia.org *.wikinews.org *.wiktionary.org *.wikibooks.org *.wikiversity.org *.wikisource.org wikisource.org *.wikiquote.org *.wikidata.org *.wikifunctions.org *.wikivoyage.org *.mediawiki.org mediawiki.org wikimedia.org *.wmflabs.org *.wmcloud.org *.toolforge.org wss://*.toolforge.org *.jsdelivr.net unpkg.com cdnjs.cloudflare.com raw.githubusercontent.com *.github.com code.jquery.com cdn.mathjax.org use.typekit.net fonts.cdnfonts.com use.fontawesome.com i.ytimg.com rsms.me doi.org localhost https://localhost:* http://localhost:* wss://localhost:* ws://localhost:* *.google.com *.gstatic.com *.googleapis.com *.translate.yandex.net yastatic.net ya.ru radically.github.io cdn.sammdot.ca cdn.fontshare.com viaf.org publicai-proxy.alaexis.workers.dev iiif.archive.org api.flickr.com live.staticflickr.com api.anthropic.com api.openai.com api.publicai.co catalogo.pusc.it parsifal.urbe.it opac.sbn.it overpass-api.de api.openrouteservice.org archive.org *.openstreetmap.org *.waymarkedtrails.org *.thunderforest.com registry.ipe.wiki analytics.ipe.wiki qlever.dev app.goacoustic.com wikipedia-archive.ourworldindata.org api.inaturalist.org inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com validator.w3.org db.onlinewebfonts.com fontlibrary.org 'unsafe-inline' auth.wikimedia.org; default-src 'self' data: blob: upload.wikimedia.org https://commons.wikimedia.org meta.wikimedia.org *.wikimedia.org *.wikipedia.org *.wikinews.org *.wiktionary.org *.wikibooks.org *.wikiversity.org *.wikisource.org wikisource.org *.wikiquote.org *.wikidata.org *.wikifunctions.org *.wikivoyage.org *.mediawiki.org mediawiki.org wikimedia.org *.wmflabs.org *.wmcloud.org *.toolforge.org wss://*.toolforge.org *.jsdelivr.net unpkg.com cdnjs.cloudflare.com raw.githubusercontent.com *.github.com code.jquery.com cdn.mathjax.org use.typekit.net fonts.cdnfonts.com use.fontawesome.com i.ytimg.com rsms.me doi.org localhost https://localhost:* http://localhost:* wss://localhost:* ws://localhost:* *.google.com *.gstatic.com *.googleapis.com *.translate.yandex.net yastatic.net ya.ru radically.github.io cdn.sammdot.ca cdn.fontshare.com viaf.org publicai-proxy.alaexis.workers.dev iiif.archive.org api.flickr.com live.staticflickr.com api.anthropic.com api.openai.com api.publicai.co catalogo.pusc.it parsifal.urbe.it opac.sbn.it overpass-api.de api.openrouteservice.org archive.org *.openstreetmap.org *.waymarkedtrails.org *.thunderforest.com registry.ipe.wiki analytics.ipe.wiki qlever.dev app.goacoustic.com wikipedia-archive.ourworldindata.org api.inaturalist.org inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com validator.w3.org db.onlinewebfonts.com fontlibrary.org en.wikibooks.org en.wikinews.org en.wikiquote.org en.wikisource.org en.wikiversity.org en.wikivoyage.org en.wiktionary.org www.mediawiki.org commons.wikimedia.org foundation.wikimedia.org incubator.wikimedia.org species.wikimedia.org wikimania.wikimedia.org www.wikidata.org www.wikifunctions.org auth.wikimedia.org; style-src 'self' data: blob: upload.wikimedia.org https://commons.wikimedia.org meta.wikimedia.org *.wikimedia.org *.wikipedia.org *.wikinews.org *.wiktionary.org *.wikibooks.org *.wikiversity.org *.wikisource.org wikisource.org *.wikiquote.org *.wikidata.org *.wikifunctions.org *.wikivoyage.org *.mediawiki.org mediawiki.org wikimedia.org *.wmflabs.org *.wmcloud.org *.toolforge.org wss://*.toolforge.org *.jsdelivr.net unpkg.com cdnjs.cloudflare.com raw.githubusercontent.com *.github.com code.jquery.com cdn.mathjax.org use.typekit.net fonts.cdnfonts.com use.fontawesome.com i.ytimg.com rsms.me doi.org localhost https://localhost:* http://localhost:* wss://localhost:* ws://localhost:* *.google.com *.gstatic.com *.googleapis.com *.translate.yandex.net yastatic.net ya.ru radically.github.io cdn.sammdot.ca cdn.fontshare.com viaf.org publicai-proxy.alaexis.workers.dev iiif.archive.org api.flickr.com live.staticflickr.com api.anthropic.com api.openai.com api.publicai.co catalogo.pusc.it parsifal.urbe.it opac.sbn.it overpass-api.de api.openrouteservice.org archive.org *.openstreetmap.org *.waymarkedtrails.org *.thunderforest.com registry.ipe.wiki analytics.ipe.wiki qlever.dev app.goacoustic.com wikipedia-archive.ourworldindata.org api.inaturalist.org inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com validator.w3.org db.onlinewebfonts.com fontlibrary.org 'unsafe-inline'; object-src 'none'; report-uri /w/api.php?action=cspreport&format=json; report-to csp-report-to-endpoint |
| Age | 29393 |
| Accept-Ranges | bytes |
| X-Cache | cp3066 hit, cp3066 hit/22 |
| x-cache-status | hit-front |
| Strict-Transport-Security | max-age=106384710; includeSubDomains; preload |
| report-to | { "group": "wm_nel", "max_age": 604800, "endpoints": [{ "url": "https://intake-logging.wikimedia.org/v1/events?stream=w3c.reportingapi.network_error&schema_uri=/w3c/reportingapi/network_error/1.0.0" }] } |
| nel | { "report_to": "wm_nel", "max_age": 604800, "failure_fraction": 0.05, "success_fraction": 0.0} |
| Set-Cookie | WMF-Last-Access=22-Aug-2026;Path=/;HttpOnly;secure;Expires=Wed, 23 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT |
| x-client-ip | 89.249.18.75 |
| Cache-Control | no-transform, must-revalidate, max-age=0, s-maxage=0, private |
| Vary | Accept-Encoding |
| X-Request-ID | 5655ca86-979b-4ba7-87ea-5d236cd8dc88 |
| x-analytics | |
| Server-Timing | cache;desc="hit-front", host;desc="cp3066",co_id;desc="3005935188" |
CMS
MediaWiki
Система управления сайтом (движок)
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CMS — это движок, на котором работает сайт (WordPress, 1C-Bitrix, Tilda и др.). Знание CMS помогает понять возможности SEO-оптимизации и подобрать подходящие инструменты. «Не определена» — вероятно, самописный сайт или нестандартная сборка.
Сайт работает на CMS MediaWiki.
Веб-сервер
ATS/9.2.15
Программное обеспечение сервера
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Веб-сервер — это ПО, которое отдаёт страницы посетителям (nginx, Apache, IIS, LiteSpeed и др.). Определяется по серверным заголовкам ответа (Server, X-Powered-By и т.п.). «Не определён» — сервер намеренно скрывает эти заголовки, это нормальная практика безопасности.
В заголовке Server указано: ATS/9.2.15.
Мета-теги Готовность: 28%
Title
Bōsōzoku - Wikipedia
Заголовок страницы в браузере и поисковой выдаче
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Title — главный SEO-заголовок страницы. Влияет на CTR в поиске и ранжирование. Оптимальная длина: 50–70 символов. Ключевые слова — ближе к началу.
Необходимо увеличить число символов в title (текущее значение мало: 20, минимум: 25, оптимально: от 40 до 45)
Дублей словоформ в title не найдено.
Description
Описание страницы в поисковой выдаче (сниппет)
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Meta Description — текст под заголовком в выдаче. Напрямую на позиции не влияет, но влияет на CTR. Оптимальная длина: 120–160 символов.
Установите мета-тег description!
Keywords
Список ключевых слов страницы (устаревший тег)
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Meta Keywords не учитывается Яндексом и Google для ранжирования с 2009–2012 годов. Заполнение не обязательно, но не вредит. Конкурент может использовать содержимое для анализа.
Установите мета-тег keywords!
Канонический Url
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku
Указывает поисковику основную версию страницы
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Canonical (rel=canonical) предотвращает проблему дублей страниц. Должен точно совпадать с URL проверяемой страницы. Неправильный canonical может передать ссылочный вес на другую страницу.
Домен в каноническом Url не совпадает!
Robots
Есть ошибки
Директивы для поисковых роботов на уровне страницы
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Meta Robots управляет индексацией конкретной страницы: index/noindex — индексировать ли, follow/nofollow — следовать ли по ссылкам. Noindex полностью исключает страницу из поиска.
Meta-тег robots указан, но в нем содержится неизвестное значение...
Адаптивность
width=1120
Настройка масштабирования на мобильных устройствах
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Тег viewport (<meta name="viewport">) сообщает браузеру, как масштабировать страницу на мобильных. Стандарт: width=device-width, initial-scale=1. Отсутствие — признак отсутствия мобильной версии.
Meta-тег viewport со значением width задаёт фиксированную ширину области просмотра.
Разметка OpenGraph
Кол-во: 5
Мета-теги для красивых превью в соцсетях
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OpenGraph (og:title, og:description, og:image) управляет тем, как страница выглядит при репосте в социальных сетях и мессенджерах. Отсутствие OG-тегов — невзрачный превью при шеринге.
Разметка OpenGraph задана. Страница оптимизирована под социальные сети.
Показать полный список og мета-тегов
| Тип | Значение |
|---|---|
| og:image | https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Chin-sou-dan_002.jpg/1280px-Chin-sou-dan_002.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=thumbnail |
| og:image:width | 1200 |
| og:image:height | 797 |
| og:title | Bōsōzoku - Wikipedia |
| og:type | website |
Все мета-теги
Кол-во: 13
Полный список мета-тегов страницы
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Таблица всех meta-тегов, включая нестандартные. Позволяет найти опечатки, дубли и лишние теги.
Найдены мета-теги 13шт. Мета-теги не видимы для человека и предназначены для обмена информацией между веб-страницей и поисковыми системами, браузерами и другими веб-службами. С ними роботы 🤖 и устройства ведут себя более ожидаемо.
Показать полный список мета-тегов
| Тип | Название | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| name | ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles | |
| name | generator | MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.16 |
| name | referrer | origin |
| name | referrer | origin-when-cross-origin |
| name | robots | max-image-preview:standard |
| name | format-detection | telephone=no |
| name | viewport | width=1120 |
| property | og:image | https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Chin-sou-dan_002.jpg/1280px-Chin-sou-dan_002.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=thumbnail |
| property | og:image:width | 1200 |
| property | og:image:height | 797 |
| property | og:title | Bōsōzoku - Wikipedia |
| property | og:type | website |
| property | mw:PageProp/toc |
Оптимизация Готовность: 62%
Структура
Ошибок нет
Семантические HTML-элементы страницы
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Проверяет наличие основных структурных элементов: nav, header, footer, main. Корректная семантическая структура помогает поисковику понять архитектуру страницы.
Структура документа корректна (теги <html> и <body> присутствуют по одному на документ).
Контент
Есть ошибки
Объём и качество текстового содержимого
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Анализирует объём полезного текста на странице. Слишком мало — страница может считаться малополезной. Слишком много — ухудшается читаемость и восприятие.
Слова из title 2 встречаются в тексте редко. Добавьте в контент страницы слова из тега <title>!
Абзацев с текстом 15 достаточно.
Среднее число слов в абзаце 148 достаточно.
Кол-во знаков контента 16594 на странице оптимально.
Кол-во слов 2653 на странице оптимально.
Заголовки
Ошибок нет
Иерархия заголовков H1–H6
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H1 должен быть один и содержать ключевой запрос. H2–H6 описывают подразделы. Пропуск уровней (H1 → H3) и несколько H1 — типичные ошибки, снижающие понятность страницы для поисковика.
На странице присутствуют заголовки <h1> 1. Это прекрасно.
На странице присутствуют заголовки <h2> 8. Это хорошо.
На странице присутствуют заголовки <h3> 2.
Тошнота
6,48
Насколько одно слово доминирует в тексте
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Классическая тошнота = √(частота самого повторяющегося слова). Норма до 7–8: текст воспринимается естественно. Выше — поисковик может счесть страницу переспамленной.
Тошнота превышает норму 5. Измените текст страницы!
Академич. тошнота
40,56%
Насколько текст перенасыщен ключевыми словами
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Академическая тошнота = (частота слова / общее количество слов) × 100%. Показывает долю конкретного слова в тексте. Норма 5–15%.
Академическая тошнота превышает норму 5-15%. Измените текст страницы!
Семантическое ядро
20
Наиболее часто встречающиеся слова на странице
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Топ слов по частоте использования. Показывает, какие слова доминируют в тексте с точки зрения поисковика.
Контент страницы содержит осмысленный текст и слова.
Показать список слов
| Слово | Кол-во | Частота |
|---|---|---|
| bōsōzoku | 42 | 1,58% |
| japanese | 21 | 0,79% |
| groups | 13 | 0,49% |
| police | 9 | 0,34% |
| motorcycle | 9 | 0,34% |
| article | 8 | 0,30% |
| wikipedia | 8 | 0,30% |
| retrieved | 8 | 0,30% |
| subculture | 7 | 0,26% |
| translation | 7 | 0,26% |
| culture | 7 | 0,26% |
| bosozoku | 7 | 0,26% |
| articles | 6 | 0,23% |
| members | 6 | 0,23% |
| history | 5 | 0,19% |
| vehicles | 5 | 0,19% |
| motorcycles | 5 | 0,19% |
| bikers | 5 | 0,19% |
| yakuza | 5 | 0,19% |
| japan's | 5 | 0,19% |
Индексация Готовность: 0%
Индексирование
Есть ошибки
Разрешено ли индексирование страницы
?
Проверяет, не закрыта ли страница от индексации через robots.txt, meta robots или X-Robots-Tag. Страница, закрытая от индексации, не появится в поисковой выдаче.
Анкоров на странице 349 слишком много. Проведите ревизию и оптимизацию ссылок сайта.
Robots.txt
Найден корректный robots.txt
Файл управления сканированием сайта роботами
?
Robots.txt указывает поисковым роботам, какие страницы сканировать, а какие — нет. Ошибки в файле могут случайно закрыть важные разделы от индексации.
Кол-во редиректов для файла robots.txt 3 слишком большое! Это может вызывать затруднение при индексации поисковыми роботами!
Проверяемая страница не запрещена в robots.txt.
Robots.txt доступен по постоянному адресу
Цепочка редиректов для файла robots.txt:
http://bosozokustyle.com/robots.txt
301 MovedPermanently
https://bosozokustyle.com/robots.txt
301 MovedPermanently
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bōsōzoku
200 OK
Показать содержимое robots.txt
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-menu-disabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-feature-navigation-update-disabled vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available skin-thumbsize-clientpref-standard" lang="en" dir="ltr">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Bōsōzoku - Wikipedia</title>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Bōsōzoku</i></h1>
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<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" title="Bōsōzoku – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bōsōzoku" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" title="Bōsōzoku – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bōsōzoku" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" title="Bōsōzoku – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bōsōzoku" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" title="Bōsōzoku – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bōsōzoku" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88" title="بوسوزوکو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بوسوزوکو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" title="Bōsōzoku – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bōsōzoku" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3sz%C3%B3zoku" title="Bószózoku – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bószózoku" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosozoku" title="Bosozoku – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bosozoku" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" title="Bōsōzoku – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bōsōzoku" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E8%B5%B0%E6%97%8F" title="暴走族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="暴走族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AD%EC%A3%BC%EC%A1%B1" title="폭주족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폭주족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Босозоку – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Босозоку" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosozoku" title="Bosozoku – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bosozoku" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" title="Bōsōzoku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bōsōzoku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" title="Bōsōzoku – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bōsōzoku" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Босодзоку – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Босодзоку" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" title="Bōsōzoku – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bōsōzoku" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" title="Bōsōzoku – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bōsōzoku" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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<span class="mw-empty-elt" about="#mwt3" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwBQ" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Expand Japanese","href":"./Template:Expand_Japanese"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"暴走族"},"date":{"wt":"September 2025"}},"i":0}}]}'><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1364180890" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" about="#mwt4" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Message box/ambox.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""}}'>.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+.mw-empty-elt+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+.mw-empty-elt+.mw-empty-elt+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style></span><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation" about="#mwt3"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Translation_to_english_arrow.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img resource="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Translation_to_english_arrow.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/60px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/120px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail 2x" alt="icon" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" data-file-type="drawing" height="17" width="50" class="mw-file-element"/></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><span class="mw-empty-elt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" about="#mwt5" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"}}'>.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style></span><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed " style=" font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a rel="mw:WikiLink/Interwiki" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/暴走族" title="ja:暴走族" class="extiw">the corresponding article</a> in Japanese</b>. <span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><i><small>(September 2025)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=" ">
<ul><li><a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fja.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%E6%9A%B4%E8%B5%B0%E6%97%8F&sl=ja&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en" class="external text">View</a> a machine-translated version of the Japanese article.</li>
<li>Machine translation, like <a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="https://deepl.com" class="external text">DeepL</a> or <a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/" class="external text">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must follow the <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:LLM-assisted_translation" title="Wikipedia:LLM-assisted translation">LLM translation guideline</a>, revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li>
<li>Consider <b><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Expand_Japanese#Topics_and_categorization" title="Template:Expand Japanese">adding a topic</a></b> to this template: there are already 1,474 articles in the <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_translation_from_Japanese_Wikipedia" title="Category:Articles needing translation from Japanese Wikipedia">main category</a>, and specifying<code style="display: none;" class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" typeof="mw:Extension/syntaxhighlight" about="#mwt6" id="mwBg" data-mw='{"name":"syntaxhighlight","attrs":{"lang":"wikitext","inline":"","style":"display: none;"}}'></code><code class="mw-highlight"><span class="p"><span typeof="mw:Entity">|</span></span><span class="nl">topic</span><span class="o">=</span></code> will aid in categorization.</li>
<li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li>
<li>You <b>must</b> provide <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Wikipedia article at [[:ja:暴走族]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li>
<li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|ja|暴走族}}</code> to the <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bōsōzoku" title="Talk:Bōsōzoku">talk page</a>.</li>
<li>For more guidance, see <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="mw-empty-elt" about="#mwt3"><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Articles_needing_translation_from_Japanese_Wikipedia"/></span>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb" id="mwBw"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chin-sou-dan_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" id="mwCA"><img resource="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chin-sou-dan_002.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Chin-sou-dan_002.jpg/330px-Chin-sou-dan_002.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Chin-sou-dan_002.jpg/960px-Chin-sou-dan_002.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" data-file-type="bitmap" height="219" width="330" class="mw-file-element mw-file-upright" style="--mw-file-upright: 1.3" id="mwCQ"/></a><figcaption id="mwCg">A group of <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt7" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwCw" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span> in 2013</figcaption></figure>
<p id="mwDA"><span title="Hepburn transliteration" about="#mwt8" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwDQ" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Nihongo3","href":"./Template:Nihongo3"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"{{lit|reckless driving group}}"},"2":{"wt":"暴走族"},"3":{"wt":"'''Bōsōzoku'''"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn"><b>Bōsōzoku</b></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal" about="#mwt8" id="mwDg"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">暴走族</span></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text"/>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation" about="#mwt9" typeof="mw:ExpandedAttrs" data-mw='{"attribs":[[{"txt":"title"},{"html":"<span typeof=\"mw:Nowiki\" id=\"mwDw\">literal translation</span>"}]]}'>lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">reckless driving group</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)</span> is a Japanese <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_subculture" title="Youth subculture" id="mwEA">youth subculture</a> associated with <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custom_motorcycle" title="Custom motorcycle" id="mwEQ">customized motorcycles</a>. The first appearance of these types of <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlaw_motorcycle_club" title="Outlaw motorcycle club" id="mwEg">biker gangs</a> was in the 1950s. Popularity peaked at an estimated 42,510 members in 1982. Their numbers dropped dramatically in the 2000s, with fewer than 7,297 members in 2012.<sup about="#mwt13" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-1" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-1"}}'><a href="#cite_note-1" id="mwEw"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwFA"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwFQ">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwFg">]</span></span></a></sup> Later, in 2020, a <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt10" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwFw" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"Bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">Bōsōzoku</i></span> rally that used to attract thousands of members only had 53 members, with police stating that it was a long time since they had to round up that many people.<sup about="#mwt16" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-2" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-2"}}'><a href="#cite_note-2" id="mwGA"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwGQ"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwGg">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwGw">]</span></span></a></sup></p>
<p id="mwHA"><span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt17" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwHQ" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"Bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">Bōsōzoku</i></span> style traditionally involves <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilersuit" title="Boilersuit" id="mwHg">boilersuits</a> similar to those of manual laborers or leather military jackets with baggy pants, and tall boots. This uniform became known as the <span title="Hepburn transliteration" about="#mwt18" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwHw" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"nihongo3","href":"./Template:Nihongo3"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"\"special attack clothing\""},"2":{"wt":"特攻服"},"3":{"wt":"tokkō-fuku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">tokkō-fuku</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal" about="#mwt18" id="mwIA"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">特攻服</span></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text"/>, "special attack clothing")</span> and is often adorned with <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji" id="mwIQ">kanji</a> slogans. Typical accessories to this uniform are <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt19" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwIg" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"[[hachimaki]]"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hachimaki" title="Hachimaki">hachimaki</a></i></span>, surgical masks, and patches displaying the <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rising_Sun_Flag" title="Rising Sun Flag" id="mwIw">Rising Sun Flag</a>. <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt20" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwJA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"Bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">Bōsōzoku</i></span> members are known for taking <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Japanese_Motorcycle" title="Universal Japanese Motorcycle" id="mwJQ">Japanese road bikes</a> and adding modifications such as over-sized <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle_fairing" title="Motorcycle fairing" id="mwJg">fairings</a>, lifted handle bars shifted inwards, large seat backs, extravagant paint jobs, and modified mufflers. <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt21" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwJw" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"Bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">Bōsōzoku</i></span> styles take inspiration from <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chopper_(motorcycle)" title="Chopper (motorcycle)" id="mwKA">choppers</a>, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greaser_(subculture)" title="Greaser (subculture)" id="mwKQ">greasers</a>, and <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teddy_boy" title="Teddy boy" class="mw-redirect" id="mwKg">Teddy boys</a>.<sup about="#mwt24" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-Jalopnik_3-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"Jalopnik"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Jalopnik-3"}}'><a href="#cite_note-Jalopnik-3" id="mwKw"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwLA"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwLQ">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwLg">]</span></span></a></sup></p>
<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" id="mwLw" data-mw='{"autoGenerated":true}'/></section><section data-mw-section-id="1" id="mwMA" aria-labelledby="History"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb" id="mwMQ"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kaminari-zoku.jpg" class="mw-file-description" id="mwMg"><img resource="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kaminari-zoku.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Kaminari-zoku.jpg/250px-Kaminari-zoku.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Kaminari-zoku.jpg/500px-Kaminari-zoku.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="380" data-file-type="bitmap" height="170" width="250" class="mw-file-element" id="mwMw"/></a><figcaption id="mwNA">The <i id="mwNQ">bōsōzoku</i> were preceded by the <i id="mwNg">kaminarizoku</i>, as young veterans adjusted to life in post-WWII Japan.</figcaption></figure>
<p id="mwNw"><span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt25" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwOA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"Bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">Bōsōzoku</i></span> first started as groups of returning <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II" id="mwOQ">World War II</a> veterans. The disobedient subculture originated in the 1950s when the young pilots came back from World War II.<sup about="#mwt31" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-4" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-4"}}'><a href="#cite_note-4" id="mwOg"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwOw"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwPA">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwPQ">]</span></span></a></sup> Many veterans faced difficulty readjusting to society after the war, and some turned to custom car making and gang-like activities on city streets to gain an adrenaline fix. These early <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt26" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwPg" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span> took inspiration from American <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greaser_(subculture)" title="Greaser (subculture)" id="mwPw">greaser</a> culture and imported Western films; <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt27" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwQA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span> became known for its many similarities to old American biker culture.<sup about="#mwt34" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":":0"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-:0-5"}}'><a href="#cite_note-:0-5" id="mwQQ"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwQg"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwQw">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwRA">]</span></span></a></sup> Many younger individuals began to see this style of life as very appealing, especially marginalized individuals looking for change. Eventually, these youngsters took over the identity, becoming the foundation for the modern <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt28" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwRQ" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span>.<sup about="#mwt37" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":":1"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-:1-6"}}'><a href="#cite_note-:1-6" id="mwRg"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwRw"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwSA">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwSQ">]</span></span></a></sup></p>
<p id="mwSg">The 1970s were when the term of <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt38" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwSw" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span> first truly began to emerge. This was a period of time characterized by actual riots between police and many of these youth groups. The term <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt39" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwTA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span> was not actually created by these biker groups, but was eventually widely adopted and used by these various groups.<sup about="#mwt42" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":":0"}}'><a href="#cite_note-:0-5" id="mwTQ"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwTg"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwTw">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwUA">]</span></span></a></sup> In the 1980s and 1990s, <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt40" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwUQ" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span> would often embark on massed rides, in which up to 100 bikers would cruise together slowly en masse down an expressway or major highway. The motorcyclists would run toll booths without stopping and would ignore police attempts to detain them. New Year's Eve was a popular occasion for the massed rides. The bikers would sometimes smash the cars and threaten or beat up any motorists or bystanders who got in the way or expressed disapproval of the bikers' behavior. Participation in the gangs peaked at 42,510 members in 1982. This made <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt41" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwUg" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span> the prevailing form of youth delinquency within Japan.<sup about="#mwt43" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":":1"}}'><a href="#cite_note-:1-6" id="mwUw"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwVA"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwVQ">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwVg">]</span></span></a></sup></p>
<p id="mwVw">Numbers slowly began to decline following the 1980s peak. It is reported that, by the 1990s there were around 28,000 <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt44" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwWA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span> sprinkled throughout the country.<sup about="#mwt51" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":":2"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-:2-7"}}'><a href="#cite_note-:2-7" id="mwWQ"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwWg"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwWw">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwXA">]</span></span></a></sup> In 2004, the Japanese government passed a revised road traffic law which gave the police more power to arrest bikers riding recklessly in groups. With increased arrests and prosecutions, <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt45" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwXQ" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span> participation rapidly went into decline. As of 2010, police reported that the new trend among <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt46" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwXg" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span> was to ride together in much smaller groups and to ride scooters instead of heavily modified motorcycles. Aichi prefecture was reported to have the highest number of riders, followed by Tokyo, Osaka, Ibaraki and Fukuoka.<sup about="#mwt54" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-8" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-8"}}'><a href="#cite_note-8" id="mwXw"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwYA"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwYQ">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwYg">]</span></span></a></sup> By 2015, there were only a reported 6,771 active <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt47" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwYw" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span> throughout Japan.<sup about="#mwt55" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-:1_6-2" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":":1"}}'><a href="#cite_note-:1-6" id="mwZA"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwZQ"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwZg">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwZw">]</span></span></a></sup> In 2013, the National Police Agency re-classified <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt48" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwaA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span> biker gangs as "pseudo-<a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakuza" title="Yakuza" id="mwaQ">yakuza</a>" organizations.<sup about="#mwt58" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-9" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-9"}}'><a href="#cite_note-9" id="mwag"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwaw"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwbA">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwbQ">]</span></span></a></sup></p>
</section><section data-mw-section-id="2" id="mwbg" aria-labelledby="Traits"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traits">Traits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Traits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb" id="mwbw"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:鬼羅連合白龍九十九里総本部.jpg" class="mw-file-description" id="mwcA"><img resource="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:鬼羅連合白龍九十九里総本部.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/%E9%AC%BC%E7%BE%85%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E7%99%BD%E9%BE%8D%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E9%87%8C%E7%B7%8F%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%A8.jpg/250px-%E9%AC%BC%E7%BE%85%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E7%99%BD%E9%BE%8D%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E9%87%8C%E7%B7%8F%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%A8.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/%E9%AC%BC%E7%BE%85%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E7%99%BD%E9%BE%8D%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E9%87%8C%E7%B7%8F%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%A8.jpg/500px-%E9%AC%BC%E7%BE%85%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E7%99%BD%E9%BE%8D%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E9%87%8C%E7%B7%8F%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%A8.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" data-file-type="bitmap" height="188" width="250" class="mw-file-element" id="mwcQ"/></a><figcaption id="mwcg">Bōsōzoku on a night ride</figcaption></figure>
<p id="mwcw"><span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt59" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwdA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"Bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">Bōsōzoku</i></span> are usually between the ages of 16 and 20 years old.<sup about="#mwt62" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":":0"}}'><a href="#cite_note-:0-5" id="mwdQ"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwdg"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwdw">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket" id="mweA">]</span></span></a></sup> They are known for their style that heavily mimics greaser culture within the United States. This includes a pompadour style haircut, <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt60" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mweQ" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"tokkō-fuku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">tokkō-fuku</i></span> uniforms, which were often modified and embroidered jumpsuits, inspired by those worn by manual laborers during the WWII era, baggy pants and military boots.<sup about="#mwt65" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-:3_10-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":":3"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-:3-10"}}'><a href="#cite_note-:3-10" id="mweg"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwew"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwfA">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwfQ">]</span></span></a></sup> <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt61" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwfg" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"Tokkō-fuku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">Tokkō-fuku</i></span> were often embroidered with various slogans and large, intricate designs. They were seen as a status symbol to many, symbolizing both their pride in themselves and their strength.<sup about="#mwt68" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-11" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-11"}}'><a href="#cite_note-11" id="mwfw"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwgA"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwgQ">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwgg">]</span></span></a></sup> They were often worn open in the front, with bandage wrappings around their waist. They would also often be accompanied by rounded sunglasses and <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasuki_(sash)" title="Tasuki (sash)" id="mwgw">tasuki</a>.<sup about="#mwt69" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-:3_10-1" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":":3"}}'><a href="#cite_note-:3-10" id="mwhA"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwhQ"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwhg">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwhw">]</span></span></a></sup></p>
<p id="mwiA">The word <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt70" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwiQ" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span> is also applied to motorcycle subculture with an interest in motorcycle customizing, often illegal, and making noise by removing the mufflers on their vehicles so that more noise is produced. These <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt71" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwig" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span> groups sometimes ride without motorcycle helmets (which in Japan is illegal), also engage in dangerous or reckless driving, such as weaving in traffic, and running red lights. Another activity is speeding in city streets, not usually for street racing but more for thrills. With many bikes involved, the leading one is driven by the leader, who is responsible for the event and is not allowed to be overtaken. Japanese police call them <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt72" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwiw" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"Maru-Sō"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">Maru-Sō</i></span> (police code <span title="Japanese-language text" about="#mwt73" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwjA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"lang","href":"./Template:Lang"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"マル走"}},"i":0}}]}'><span lang="ja">マル走</span></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text" about="#mwt73" id="mwjQ"/> or <span title="Japanese-language text" about="#mwt74" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwjg" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"lang","href":"./Template:Lang"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"丸走"}},"i":0}}]}'><span lang="ja">丸走</span></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text" about="#mwt74" id="mwjw"/>) and occasionally dispatch police vehicles to trail the groups of bikes for the reason of preventing possible incidents, which may include: riding very slowly through suburbs at speeds of <span about="#mwt75" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwkA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"cvt","href":"./Template:Cvt"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"10–15"},"2":{"wt":"km/h"}},"i":0}}]}'>10–15</span><span typeof="mw:Entity" about="#mwt75"> </span><span about="#mwt75">km/h (6.2–9.3</span><span typeof="mw:Entity" about="#mwt75"> </span><span about="#mwt75">mph)</span>, creating a loud disturbance while waving imperial Japanese flags, and starting fights that may include weapons (such as wooden swords, metal pipes, baseball bats, and Molotov cocktails).<sup about="#mwt76" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-Bosozoku_and_Yankee_12-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"Bosozoku and Yankee"}}'><a href="#cite_note-Bosozoku_and_Yankee-12" id="mwkQ"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwkg"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwkw">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwlA">]</span></span></a></sup></p>
</section><section data-mw-section-id="3" id="mwlQ" aria-labelledby="Vehicles"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vehicles">Vehicles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vehicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb" id="mwlg"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Illegal_Vehicle_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" id="mwlw"><img resource="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Illegal_Vehicle_001.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Illegal_Vehicle_001.jpg/250px-Illegal_Vehicle_001.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Illegal_Vehicle_001.jpg/500px-Illegal_Vehicle_001.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2686" data-file-type="bitmap" height="157" width="250" class="mw-file-element" id="mwmA"/></a><figcaption id="mwmQ"><span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt77" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwmg" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"Bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">Bōsōzoku</i></span>-style customized motorcycle</figcaption></figure>
<p id="mwmw"><span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt78" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwnA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"Bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">Bōsōzoku</i></span> are known to modify their motorcycles in peculiar and showy ways, which are called <span title="Hepburn transliteration" about="#mwt79" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwnQ" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"nihongo3","href":"./Template:Nihongo3"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"\"modified vehicles\""},"2":{"wt":"改造車"},"3":{"wt":"Kaizōsha"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">Kaizōsha</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal" about="#mwt79" id="mwng"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">改造車</span></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text"/>, "modified vehicles")</span>. The general style of <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt80" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwnw" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span> bike modification appears to combine elements of an American <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chopper_(motorcycle)" title="Chopper (motorcycle)" id="mwoA">chopper</a> bike and a British <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Café_racer" title="Café racer" id="mwoQ">café racer</a>. Examples of modifications that are taken from these styles are raised handle bars like those on a chopper or over-sized <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle_fairing" title="Motorcycle fairing" id="mwog">fairings</a> like those found on café racers (though <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt81" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwow" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span> usually fit them much higher on the bike than their original position, and angled upwards at the front).<sup about="#mwt85" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-Bosozoku_and_Yankee_12-1" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"Bosozoku and Yankee"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Bosozoku_and_Yankee-12"}}'><a href="#cite_note-Bosozoku_and_Yankee-12" id="mwpA"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwpQ"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwpg">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwpw">]</span></span></a></sup></p>
<p id="mwqA">A typical customized <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt86" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwqQ" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span> bike starts off by taking an average 250-400cc Japanese road bike, adding a <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt87" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwqg" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"shugo"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">shugo</i></span> exhaust system (multiple tube <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_manifold" title="Exhaust manifold" id="mwqw">header</a>), squeezing the handlebars inwards (known as <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt88" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwrA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"shibori"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">shibori</i></span>, from the verb <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt89" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwrQ" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"shiboru"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">shiboru</i></span>, "to squeeze"), and adding a three- or four-trumpet horn - <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt90" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwrg" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"sanren"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">sanren</i></span> or <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt91" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwrw" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"yonren"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">yonren</i></span>, respectively.<sup about="#mwt92" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-Bosozoku_and_Yankee_12-2" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"Bosozoku and Yankee"}}'><a href="#cite_note-Bosozoku_and_Yankee-12" id="mwsA"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwsQ"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwsg">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwsw">]</span></span></a></sup></p>
<p id="mwtA">Loud paint schemes on the fenders or the gas tanks with motifs such as flames or kamikaze-style "<a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rising_Sun_Flag" title="Rising Sun Flag" id="mwtQ">rising sun</a>" designs are also quite common. The bikes will often be adorned with stickers and/or flags depicting the gang's symbol or logo.<sup about="#mwt93" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-Jalopnik_3-1" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"Jalopnik"}}'><a href="#cite_note-Jalopnik-3" id="mwtg"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwtw"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwuA">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwuQ">]</span></span></a></sup></p>
<p id="mwug">There are also marked regional differences in motorcycle modifications. For example, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibaraki_Prefecture" title="Ibaraki Prefecture" id="mwuw">Ibaraki</a> <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt94" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwvA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span> are known to modify their motorcycles in an extensively colorful, flashy way. They will often have three or four oversized fairings in a tower-like way in and an abundance of lights.<sup about="#mwt97" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-13" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-13"}}'><a href="#cite_note-13" id="mwvQ"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwvg"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwvw">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwwA">]</span></span></a></sup></p>
<p id="mwwQ">In America, the term "Bosozoku" is also applied to cars that have undergone extreme modification. The term generally only applies to Japanese manufactured vehicles, and is somewhat interchangeable with the term "Kaido Racer". Broadly, "Bosozoku" refers to the concept of Japanese vehicle modification, whereas "Kaido Racer" refers specifically to car modification.<sup about="#mwt100" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-14" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-14"}}'><a href="#cite_note-14" id="mwwg"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwww"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwxA">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwxQ">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about="#mwt103" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-15" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-15"}}'><a href="#cite_note-15" id="mwxg"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwxw"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwyA">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwyQ">]</span></span></a></sup></p>
</section><section data-mw-section-id="4" id="mwyg" aria-labelledby="Ties_to_organized_crime"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ties_to_organized_crime">Ties to organized crime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ties to organized crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p id="mwyw">In general, the <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_government" title="Japanese government" class="mw-redirect" id="mwzA">Japanese government</a> sees <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt104" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwzQ" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span> as highly organized groups, affiliated under several national federations. They generally have clear cut rules, uniforms, symbols, and other marks of organization. Some groups have membership fees and set punishments.<sup about="#mwt105" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":":2"}}'><a href="#cite_note-:2-7" id="mwzg"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwzw"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mw0A">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket" id="mw0Q">]</span></span></a></sup> These groups also make up a large proportion of Japanese criminal activity, being involved in vandalism, road traffic violations, and other criminal activity.<sup about="#mwt106" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-Bosozoku_and_Yankee_12-3" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"Bosozoku and Yankee"}}'><a href="#cite_note-Bosozoku_and_Yankee-12" id="mw0g"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mw0w"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mw1A">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket" id="mw1Q">]</span></span></a></sup></p>
<p id="mw1g">Their lives of crime generally do not end after they turn twenty though. It is estimated that around 25% of <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt107" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mw1w" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span> are above the age of twenty.<link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:All_self-contradictory_articles" about="#mwt108" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mw2A" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"contradictory inline","href":"./Template:Contradictory_inline"},"params":{"date":{"wt":"November 2023"}},"i":0}}]}'/><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Self-contradictory_articles_from_November_2023" about="#mwt108"/><sup class="noprint Inline-Template " style="white-space:nowrap;" about="#mwt108" id="mw2Q"><span typeof="mw:Entity">[</span><i><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_self-contradictory_articles" title="Category:All self-contradictory articles"><span title="This text contradicts material elsewhere on this page. (November 2023)">contradictory</span></a></i><span typeof="mw:Entity">]</span></sup> Alongside that, they have been shown to have ties to various <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakuza" title="Yakuza" id="mw2g">yakuza</a> organizations. In fact, some numbers predict that as many as one-third of yakuza recruits come from one of a few <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt109" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mw2w" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"bōsōzoku"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn">bōsōzoku</i></span>. However, as these groups become less common, their ties to the yakuza become less apparent, as they begin recruiting from other marginalized groups, such as the Japanese <span title="Japanese-language romanization" about="#mwt110" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mw3A" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Transliteration","href":"./Template:Transliteration"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ja"},"2":{"wt":"[[burakumin]]"}},"i":0}}]}'><i lang="ja-Latn"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burakumin" title="Burakumin">burakumin</a></i></span> or <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zainichi" title="Zainichi" class="mw-redirect" id="mw3Q">Zainichi</a> ethnic Koreans.<sup about="#mwt111" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-:2_7-2" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":":2"}}'><a href="#cite_note-:2-7" id="mw3g"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mw3w"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mw4A">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket" id="mw4Q">]</span></span></a></sup></p>
</section><section data-mw-section-id="5" id="mw4g" aria-labelledby="See_also"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt112" id="mw4w" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Portal/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Portal","href":"./Template:Portal"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Japan"}},"i":0}}]}'>.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright" about="#mwt112" id="mw5A">
<li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img resource="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/120px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail 2x" alt="flag" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" data-file-type="drawing" height="21" width="32" class="mw-file-element"/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan portal</a></span></li></ul>
<ul id="mw5Q"><li id="mw5g"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat_Rempit" title="Mat Rempit" id="mw5w">Mat Rempit</a></li>
<li id="mw6A"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ah_Beng" title="Ah Beng" id="mw6Q">Ah Beng</a></li>
<li id="mw6g"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod_(subculture)" title="Mod (subculture)" id="mw6w">Mod</a>, a youth movement in the United Kingdom, associated with customised <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter_(motorcycle)" title="Scooter (motorcycle)" id="mw7A">scooters</a></li>
<li id="mw7Q"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlaw_motorcycle_club" title="Outlaw motorcycle club" id="mw7g">Outlaw motorcycle club</a></li>
<li id="mw7w"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raggare" title="Raggare" id="mw8A">Raggare</a></li>
<li id="mw8Q"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafheet" title="Tafheet" id="mw8g">Tafheet</a></li>
<li id="mw8w"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukeban" title="Sukeban" id="mw9A">Sukeban</a></li>
<li id="mw9Q"><i id="mw9g"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akira_(manga)" title="Akira (manga)" id="mw9w">Akira</a></i></li>
<li id="mw-A"><i id="mw-Q"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bari_Bari_Densetsu" title="Bari Bari Densetsu" id="mw-g">Bari Bari Densetsu</a></i></li>
<li id="mw-w"><i id="mw_A"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Revengers" title="Tokyo Revengers" id="mw_Q">Tokyo Revengers</a></i></li>
<li id="mw_g"><i id="mw_w"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Teacher_Onizuka" title="Great Teacher Onizuka" id="mwAQA">Great Teacher Onizuka</a></i></li>
<li id="mwAQE"><i id="mwAQI"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salary_Man_Kintaro" title="Salary Man Kintaro" id="mwAQM">Salary Man Kintaro</a></i></li>
<li id="mwAQQ"><i id="mwAQU"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shonan_Bakusozoku" title="Shonan Bakusozoku" id="mwAQY">Shonan Bakusozoku</a></i></li>
<li id="mwAQc"><i id="mwAQg"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Speed_You!_Black_Emperor" title="God Speed You! Black Emperor" id="mwAQk">God Speed You! Black Emperor</a></i></li></ul>
</section><section data-mw-section-id="6" id="mwAQo" aria-labelledby="References"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<section data-mw-section-id="7" id="mwAQs" aria-labelledby="Citations"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<span class="mw-empty-elt" about="#mwt114" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwAQw" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Reflist","href":"./Template:Reflist"},"params":{},"i":0}}]}'><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1327269900" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" about="#mwt115" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Reflist/styles.css"}}'>.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:27em}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:22.5em}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=upper-alpha]{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=upper-roman]{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-alpha]{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-greek]{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-roman]{list-style-type:lower-roman}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-upper-alpha .references{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-upper-roman .references{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-alpha .references{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-greek .references{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-roman .references{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style></span><div about="#mwt114" id="mwAQ0">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns" typeof="mw:Extension/references" about="#mwt116" id="mwAQ4" data-mw='{"name":"references","attrs":{"group":"","responsive":"1"},"body":{"extsrc":""}}'><ol class="mw-references references" id="mwAQ8"><li about="#cite_note-1" id="cite_note-1" data-mw-footnote-number="1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" id="mwARA"><a href="#cite_ref-1" rel="mw:referencedBy" id="mwARE"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwARI">↑</span></a></span> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-1" class="mw-reference-text reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1333433106" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt11" id="mwARM" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"cite web","href":"./Template:Cite_web"},"params":{"last1":{"wt":"Osaki"},"first1":{"wt":"Tomohiro"},"title":{"wt":"Documentary chronicles disappearing world of 'bosozoku'"},"url":{"wt":"https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/04/18/national/documentary-chronicles-disappearing-world-of-bosozoku/"},"website":{"wt":"[[The Japan Times]]"},"date":{"wt":"18 April 2013"}},"i":0}}]}'>.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#bf3c2c)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#bf3c2c)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOsaki2013" class="citation web cs1" about="#mwt11">Osaki, Tomohiro (18 April 2013). <a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/04/18/national/documentary-chronicles-disappearing-world-of-bosozoku/" class="external text" id="mwARQ">"Documentary chronicles disappearing world of 'bosozoku'<span class="cs1-kern-right" id="mwARU"></span>"</a>. <i id="mwARY"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Japan_Times" title="The Japan Times" id="mwARc">The Japan Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Documentary+chronicles+disappearing+world+of+%27bosozoku%27&rft.date=2013-04-18&rft.aulast=Osaki&rft.aufirst=Tomohiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2013%2F04%2F18%2Fnational%2Fdocumentary-chronicles-disappearing-world-of-bosozoku%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" class="Z3988" about="#mwt11" id="mwARg"></span></span></li>
<li about="#cite_note-2" id="cite_note-2" data-mw-footnote-number="2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" id="mwARk"><a href="#cite_ref-2" rel="mw:referencedBy" id="mwARo"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwARs">↑</span></a></span> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-2" class="mw-reference-text reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" about="#mwt14" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" id="mwARw" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"cite web","href":"./Template:Cite_web"},"params":{"title":{"wt":"Police crackdowns fast making hot-rodder spectacles a fading memory"},"url":{"wt":"https://japantoday.com/category/features/kuchikomi/police-crackdowns-fast-making-hot-rodder-spectacles-a-fading-memory"},"website":{"wt":"Japan Today"},"date":{"wt":"19 October 2021"}},"i":0}}]}'/><cite class="citation web cs1" about="#mwt14" id="mwAR0"><a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="https://japantoday.com/category/features/kuchikomi/police-crackdowns-fast-making-hot-rodder-spectacles-a-fading-memory" class="external text" id="mwAR4">"Police crackdowns fast making hot-rodder spectacles a fading memory"</a>. <i id="mwAR8">Japan Today</i>. 19 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japan+Today&rft.atitle=Police+crackdowns+fast+making+hot-rodder+spectacles+a+fading+memory&rft.date=2021-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjapantoday.com%2Fcategory%2Ffeatures%2Fkuchikomi%2Fpolice-crackdowns-fast-making-hot-rodder-spectacles-a-fading-memory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" class="Z3988" about="#mwt14" id="mwASA"></span></span></li>
<li about="#cite_note-Jalopnik-3" id="cite_note-Jalopnik-3" data-mw-footnote-number="3"><span rel="mw:referencedBy" class="mw-cite-backlink" id="mwASE"><a href="#cite_ref-Jalopnik_3-0" id="mwASI"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwASM">1</span></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jalopnik_3-1" id="mwASQ"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwASU">2</span></a></span> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-Jalopnik-3" class="mw-reference-text reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" about="#mwt22" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" id="mwASY" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"cite web","href":"./Template:Cite_web"},"params":{"last1":{"wt":"Callahan"},"first1":{"wt":"Kat"},"title":{"wt":"The Bosozoku Are Japan's Disappearing Rebels Without a Cause"},"url":{"wt":"https://jalopnik.com/the-bosozoku-are-japans-disappearing-rebels-without-a-c-1642416129"},"website":{"wt":"Jalopnik"},"date":{"wt":"4 October 2014"}},"i":0}}]}'/><cite id="CITEREFCallahan2014" class="citation web cs1" about="#mwt22">Callahan, Kat (4 October 2014). <a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="https://jalopnik.com/the-bosozoku-are-japans-disappearing-rebels-without-a-c-1642416129" class="external text" id="mwASc">"The Bosozoku Are Japan's Disappearing Rebels Without a Cause"</a>. <i id="mwASg">Jalopnik</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jalopnik&rft.atitle=The+Bosozoku+Are+Japan%27s+Disappearing+Rebels+Without+a+Cause&rft.date=2014-10-04&rft.aulast=Callahan&rft.aufirst=Kat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjalopnik.com%2Fthe-bosozoku-are-japans-disappearing-rebels-without-a-c-1642416129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" class="Z3988" about="#mwt22" id="mwASk"></span></span></li>
<li about="#cite_note-4" id="cite_note-4" data-mw-footnote-number="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" id="mwASo"><a href="#cite_ref-4" rel="mw:referencedBy" id="mwASs"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwASw">↑</span></a></span> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-4" class="mw-reference-text reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" about="#mwt29" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" id="mwAS0" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"cite web ","href":"./Template:Cite_web"},"params":{"last1":{"wt":"Davis"},"first1":{"wt":"Antonix"},"title":{"wt":"Bosozoku"},"url":{"wt":"https://haenfler.sites.grinnell.edu/subcultures-and-scenes/bosozoku/"},"website":{"wt":"haenfler"},"access-date":{"wt":"18 October 2022"}},"i":0}}]}'/><cite id="CITEREFDavis" class="citation web cs1" about="#mwt29">Davis, Antonix. <a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="https://haenfler.sites.grinnell.edu/subcultures-and-scenes/bosozoku/" class="external text" id="mwAS4">"Bosozoku"</a>. <i id="mwAS8">haenfler</i><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwATA">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwATE">18 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=haenfler&rft.atitle=Bosozoku&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Antonix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhaenfler.sites.grinnell.edu%2Fsubcultures-and-scenes%2Fbosozoku%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" class="Z3988" about="#mwt29" id="mwATI"></span></span></li>
<li about="#cite_note-:0-5" id="cite_note-:0-5" data-mw-footnote-number="5"><span rel="mw:referencedBy" class="mw-cite-backlink" id="mwATM"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0" id="mwATQ"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwATU">1</span></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1" id="mwATY"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwATc">2</span></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-2" id="mwATg"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwATk">3</span></a></span> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-:0-5" class="mw-reference-text reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" about="#mwt32" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" id="mwATo" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Cite news","href":"./Template:Cite_news"},"params":{"last":{"wt":"Callahan"},"first":{"wt":"Kat"},"date":{"wt":"October 4, 2014"},"title":{"wt":"The Bosozoku Are Japan's Disappearing Rebels Without A Cause"},"work":{"wt":"Jalopnik"},"url":{"wt":"https://jalopnik.com/the-bosozoku-are-japans-disappearing-rebels-without-a-c-1642416129#:~:text=The%20Bosozoku%20Are%20Japan's%20Disappearing%20Rebels%20Without%20A%20Cause,-Kat%20Callahan&text=For%20those%20who%20have%20never,subculture%20is%20hard%20to%20believe.&text=Or%20rather%20exit%2C%20as%20bosozoku%20are%20in%20steep%20decline."}},"i":0}}]}'/><cite id="mwATs" class="citation news cs1" about="#mwt32" data-x-id="CITEREFCallahan2014">Callahan, Kat (October 4, 2014). <a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="https://jalopnik.com/the-bosozoku-are-japans-disappearing-rebels-without-a-c-1642416129#:~:text=The%20Bosozoku%20Are%20Japan's%20Disappearing%20Rebels%20Without%20A%20Cause,-Kat%20Callahan&text=For%20those%20who%20have%20never,subculture%20is%20hard%20to%20believe.&text=Or%20rather%20exit%2C%20as%20bosozoku%20are%20in%20steep%20decline." class="external text" id="mwATw">"The Bosozoku Are Japan's Disappearing Rebels Without A Cause"</a>. <i id="mwAT0">Jalopnik</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jalopnik&rft.atitle=The+Bosozoku+Are+Japan%27s+Disappearing+Rebels+Without+A+Cause&rft.date=2014-10-04&rft.aulast=Callahan&rft.aufirst=Kat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjalopnik.com%2Fthe-bosozoku-are-japans-disappearing-rebels-without-a-c-1642416129%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520Bosozoku%2520Are%2520Japan%27s%2520Disappearing%2520Rebels%2520Without%2520A%2520Cause%2C-Kat%2520Callahan%26text%3DFor%2520those%2520who%2520have%2520never%2Csubculture%2520is%2520hard%2520to%2520believe.%26text%3DOr%2520rather%2520exit%252C%2520as%2520bosozoku%2520are%2520in%2520steep%2520decline.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" class="Z3988" about="#mwt32" id="mwAT4"></span></span></li>
<li about="#cite_note-:1-6" id="cite_note-:1-6" data-mw-footnote-number="6"><span rel="mw:referencedBy" class="mw-cite-backlink" id="mwAT8"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0" id="mwAUA"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwAUE">1</span></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1" id="mwAUI"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwAUM">2</span></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-2" id="mwAUQ"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwAUU">3</span></a></span> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-:1-6" class="mw-reference-text reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" about="#mwt35" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" id="mwAUY" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Cite news","href":"./Template:Cite_news"},"params":{"last":{"wt":"Osaki"},"first":{"wt":"Tomohiro"},"date":{"wt":"Dec 14, 2016"},"title":{"wt":"Japan's 'bosozoku' bikers a vanishing rebel breed"},"work":{"wt":"The Japan Times"},"url":{"wt":"https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/12/13/national/social-issues/japans-bosozoku-bikers-a-vanishing-rebel-breed/"}},"i":0}}]}'/><cite id="CITEREFOsaki2016" class="citation news cs1" about="#mwt35">Osaki, Tomohiro (Dec 14, 2016). <a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/12/13/national/social-issues/japans-bosozoku-bikers-a-vanishing-rebel-breed/" class="external text" id="mwAUc">"Japan's 'bosozoku' bikers a vanishing rebel breed"</a>. <i id="mwAUg">The Japan Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+%27bosozoku%27+bikers+a+vanishing+rebel+breed&rft.date=2016-12-14&rft.aulast=Osaki&rft.aufirst=Tomohiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2016%2F12%2F13%2Fnational%2Fsocial-issues%2Fjapans-bosozoku-bikers-a-vanishing-rebel-breed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" class="Z3988" about="#mwt35" id="mwAUk"></span></span></li>
<li about="#cite_note-:2-7" id="cite_note-:2-7" data-mw-footnote-number="7"><span rel="mw:referencedBy" class="mw-cite-backlink" id="mwAUo"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-0" id="mwAUs"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwAUw">1</span></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-1" id="mwAU0"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwAU4">2</span></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-2" id="mwAU8"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwAVA">3</span></a></span> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-:2-7" class="mw-reference-text reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" about="#mwt49" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" id="mwAVE" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Cite book","href":"./Template:Cite_book"},"params":{"last":{"wt":"Kaplan"},"first":{"wt":"David E"},"title":{"wt":"Yakuza : Japan's Criminal Underworld"},"publisher":{"wt":"University of California Press"},"year":{"wt":"2019"},"isbn":{"wt":"978-0520953819"},"pages":{"wt":"124–126"}},"i":0}}]}'/><cite id="CITEREFKaplan2019" class="citation book cs1" about="#mwt49">Kaplan, David E (2019). <i id="mwAVI">Yakuza<span typeof="mw:DisplaySpace" id="mwAVM"> </span>: Japan's Criminal Underworld</i>. University of California Press. pp.<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwAVQ"> </span><span class="nowrap" id="mwAVU">124–</span>126. <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" class="mw-redirect" id="mwAVY">ISBN</a><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwAVc"> </span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520953819" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520953819" id="mwAVg"><bdi id="mwAVk">978-0520953819</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yakuza+%3A+Japan%27s+Criminal+Underworld&rft.pages=124-126&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0520953819&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=David+E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" class="Z3988" about="#mwt49" id="mwAVo"></span></span></li>
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<li about="#cite_note-9" id="cite_note-9" data-mw-footnote-number="9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" id="mwAWU"><a href="#cite_ref-9" rel="mw:referencedBy" id="mwAWY"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwAWc">↑</span></a></span> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-9" class="mw-reference-text reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" about="#mwt56" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" id="mwAWg" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Cite web","href":"./Template:Cite_web"},"params":{"date":{"wt":"2017-06-29"},"title":{"wt":"Tokyo cops accuse Chinese Dragon member in gashing of man with broken bottle"},"url":{"wt":"https://www.tokyoreporter.com/japan-news/breaking/tokyo-cops-accuse-chinese-dragon-executive-in-gashing-of-man-with-broken-bottle/"},"access-date":{"wt":"2020-11-14"},"website":{"wt":"TokyoReporter"},"language":{"wt":"en-US"}},"i":0}}]}'/><cite class="citation web cs1" about="#mwt56" id="mwAWk"><a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="https://www.tokyoreporter.com/japan-news/breaking/tokyo-cops-accuse-chinese-dragon-executive-in-gashing-of-man-with-broken-bottle/" class="external text" id="mwAWo">"Tokyo cops accuse Chinese Dragon member in gashing of man with broken bottle"</a>. <i id="mwAWs">TokyoReporter</i>. 2017-06-29<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwAWw">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwAW0">2020-11-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TokyoReporter&rft.atitle=Tokyo+cops+accuse+Chinese+Dragon+member+in+gashing+of+man+with+broken+bottle&rft.date=2017-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tokyoreporter.com%2Fjapan-news%2Fbreaking%2Ftokyo-cops-accuse-chinese-dragon-executive-in-gashing-of-man-with-broken-bottle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" class="Z3988" about="#mwt56" id="mwAW4"></span></span></li>
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<li about="#cite_note-11" id="cite_note-11" data-mw-footnote-number="11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" id="mwAXo"><a href="#cite_ref-11" rel="mw:referencedBy" id="mwAXs"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwAXw">↑</span></a></span> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-11" class="mw-reference-text reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" about="#mwt66" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" id="mwAX0" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Cite web","href":"./Template:Cite_web"},"params":{"title":{"wt":"Worn to be wild: Tokkōfuku combat uniforms"},"url":{"wt":"https://features.japantimes.co.jp/tokkofuku/"},"access-date":{"wt":"2020-11-14"},"website":{"wt":"Deep reads from The Japan Times"},"language":{"wt":"en-US"}},"i":0}}]}'/><cite class="citation web cs1" about="#mwt66" id="mwAX4"><a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="https://features.japantimes.co.jp/tokkofuku/" class="external text" id="mwAX8">"Worn to be wild: Tokkōfuku combat uniforms"</a>. <i id="mwAYA">Deep reads from The Japan Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwAYE">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwAYI">2020-11-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deep+reads+from+The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Worn+to+be+wild%3A+Tokk%C5%8Dfuku+combat+uniforms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffeatures.japantimes.co.jp%2Ftokkofuku%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" class="Z3988" about="#mwt66" id="mwAYM"></span></span></li>
<li about="#cite_note-Bosozoku_and_Yankee-12" id="cite_note-Bosozoku_and_Yankee-12" data-mw-footnote-number="12"><span rel="mw:referencedBy" class="mw-cite-backlink" id="mwAYQ"><a href="#cite_ref-Bosozoku_and_Yankee_12-0" id="mwAYU"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwAYY">1</span></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosozoku_and_Yankee_12-1" id="mwAYc"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwAYg">2</span></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosozoku_and_Yankee_12-2" id="mwAYk"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwAYo">3</span></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosozoku_and_Yankee_12-3" id="mwAYs"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwAYw">4</span></a></span> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-Bosozoku_and_Yankee-12" class="mw-reference-text reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" about="#mwt82" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" id="mwAY0" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"cite thesis ","href":"./Template:Cite_thesis"},"params":{"last":{"wt":"Sato"},"first":{"wt":"Ikuya"},"date":{"wt":"1986"},"title":{"wt":"'Bosozoki' and Yankee: Anomy and Parody in the Affluent Society"},"type":{"wt":"PhD"},"publisher":{"wt":"The University of Chicago"},"id":{"wt":"{{ProQuest|303443061}}"},"oclc":{"wt":"14085189"}},"i":0}}]}'/><cite id="CITEREFSato1986" class="citation thesis cs1" about="#mwt82">Sato, Ikuya (1986). <i id="mwAY4"><span id="mwAY8"></span>'Bosozoki' and Yankee: Anomy and Parody in the Affluent Society</i> (PhD). The University of Chicago. <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" title="OCLC (identifier)" class="mw-redirect" id="mwAZA">OCLC</a><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwAZE"> </span><a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/14085189" class="external text" id="mwAZI">14085189</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" about="#mwt84" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" id="mwAZM" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""}}'/><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest" id="mwAZQ">ProQuest</a><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwAZU"> </span><a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/303443061" class="external text" id="mwAZY">303443061</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=%27Bosozoki%27+and+Yankee%3A+Anomy+and+Parody+in+the+Affluent+Society&rft.inst=The+University+of+Chicago&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F14085189&rft.aulast=Sato&rft.aufirst=Ikuya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" class="Z3988" about="#mwt82" id="mwAZc"></span></span></li>
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</ol></div></div>
</section><section data-mw-section-id="8" id="mwAbE" aria-labelledby="Bibliography"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<span class="mw-empty-elt" about="#mwt117" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwAbI" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"refbegin","href":"./Template:Refbegin"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"30em"}},"i":0}},"\n* Fujisawa Toru. ",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Nihongo","href":"./Template:Nihongo"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"''[[Shonan Junai Gumi]]''"},"2":{"wt":"湘南純愛組！"}},"i":1}},". [[Weekly Shonen Magazine|Shonen Magazine]] Comics. ",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"ISBN","href":"./Template:ISBN"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"4-06-312257-3"}},"i":2}},"\n* Greenfeld, Karl Taro. ''Speed Tribes: Days and Nights with Japan's Next Generation''. New York: HarperCollins, 1994. ",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"ISBN","href":"./Template:ISBN"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"0-06-092665-1"}},"i":3}},".\n* Sato, Ikuya. ''Kamikaze Biker: Parody and Anomy in Affluent Japan''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. ",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"ISBN","href":"./Template:ISBN"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"0-226-73525-7"}},"i":4}},".\n* Sasaki, Hiroto, and Tokoro Jewzo. ",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Nihongo","href":"./Template:Nihongo"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"''Bukkomi no Taku: Kaze Densetsu''"},"2":{"wt":"特攻の拓"}},"i":5}},". Shonen Magazine Comics. ",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"ISBN","href":"./Template:ISBN"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"4-06-312449-5"}},"i":6}},".\n* Yoshinaga, Masayuki. ''Bosozoku''. London: [[Trolley Books]], 2002. ",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"ISBN","href":"./Template:ISBN"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"0-9542648-3-5"}},"i":7}},".\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"refend","href":"./Template:Refend"},"params":{},"i":8}}]}'><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1365158831" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" about="#mwt118" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Refbegin/styles.css"}}'>.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents section>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents section>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents section>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style></span><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width
" style="column-width: 30em" about="#mwt117" id="mwAbM">
<ul><li>Fujisawa Toru. <i><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shonan_Junai_Gumi" title="Shonan Junai Gumi">Shonan Junai Gumi</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">湘南純愛組！</span></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text"/>)</span>. <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weekly_Shonen_Magazine" title="Weekly Shonen Magazine" class="mw-redirect">Shonen Magazine</a> Comics. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" about="#mwt121" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""}}'/><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" class="mw-redirect">ISBN</a><span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-06-312257-3" title="Special:BookSources/4-06-312257-3"><bdi>4-06-312257-3</bdi></a></li>
<li>Greenfeld, Karl Taro. <i>Speed Tribes: Days and Nights with Japan's Next Generation</i>. New York: HarperCollins, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" about="#mwt123" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""}}'/><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" class="mw-redirect">ISBN</a><span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-092665-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-092665-1"><bdi>0-06-092665-1</bdi></a>.</li>
<li>Sato, Ikuya. <i>Kamikaze Biker: Parody and Anomy in Affluent Japan</i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" about="#mwt125" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""}}'/><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" class="mw-redirect">ISBN</a><span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-73525-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-73525-7"><bdi>0-226-73525-7</bdi></a>.</li>
<li>Sasaki, Hiroto, and Tokoro Jewzo. <i>Bukkomi no Taku: Kaze Densetsu</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">特攻の拓</span></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text"/>)</span>. Shonen Magazine Comics. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" about="#mwt128" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""}}'/><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" class="mw-redirect">ISBN</a><span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-06-312449-5" title="Special:BookSources/4-06-312449-5"><bdi>4-06-312449-5</bdi></a>.</li>
<li>Yoshinaga, Masayuki. <i>Bosozoku</i>. London: <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trolley_Books" title="Trolley Books">Trolley Books</a>, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" about="#mwt130" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""}}'/><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" class="mw-redirect">ISBN</a><span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9542648-3-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-9542648-3-5"><bdi>0-9542648-3-5</bdi></a>.</li></ul>
</div>
</section></section><section data-mw-section-id="9" id="mwAbQ" aria-labelledby="External_links"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<div class="side-box-flex">
<div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img resource="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail 2x" alt="Wikimedia Commons logo" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" data-file-type="drawing" height="40" width="30" class="mw-file-element"/></a></span></div>
<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a rel="mw:WikiLink/Interwiki" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bōsōzoku" title="commons:Category:Bōsōzoku" class="extiw"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Bōsōzoku</span></a><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata"/>.</div></div>
</div>
<ul id="mwAbc"><li id="mwAbg">Metropolis magazine, <a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091228030702/http://archive.metropolis.co.jp/tokyo/668/feature.asp" class="external text" id="mwAbk">Last of the Speed Tribes</a> (general article about bōsōzoku culture and its decline)</li>
<li id="mwAbo">Vice, <a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/japans-aging-bosozoku-biker-gang-859/" class="external text" id="mwAbs">Life Inside Japan's Aging Biker Gangs</a> (documentary about current and former bōsōzoku)</li>
<li id="mwAbw">Mookychick, <a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="http://www.mookychick.co.uk/indie-fashion/japanese/bosozoku-japanese-biker-gangs-and-bosozoku-style.php" class="external text" id="mwAb0">Bosozoku japanese biker gangs and bosozoku style</a> (key elements of bōsōzoku fashion)</li>
<li id="mwAb4"><a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="http://www.bosozokustyle.com" class="external text" id="mwAb8">Bosozoku Style</a> (blog showcasing bōsōzoku style cars)</li></ul>
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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></span></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japanese_subcultures399" style="padding:3px" about="#mwt136" id="mwAcE"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span class="mw-empty-elt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064" about="#mwt139" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Hlist/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""}}'/><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" about="#mwt140" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Navbar/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""}}'>.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style></span><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Japanese_subcultures" title="Template:Japanese subcultures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_subcultures" title="Template talk:Japanese subcultures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_subcultures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese subcultures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japanese_subcultures399" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Japanese subcultures</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subcultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bōsōzoku" class="mw-selflink selflink">Bōsōzoku</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosplay" title="Cosplay">Cosplay</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaoi_fandom" title="Yaoi fandom" class="mw-redirect">Fujoshi/fudanshi</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganguro" title="Ganguro">Ganguro</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genderless_fashion_in_Japan" title="Genderless fashion in Japan">Genderless</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyaru" title="Gyaru">Gyaru</a>/<a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyaruo" title="Gyaruo">gyaruo</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jirai-kei_and_ryōsan-gata_fashion" title="Jirai-kei and ryōsan-gata fashion">Jirai-kei</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawaii" title="Kawaii">Kawaii</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogal" title="Kogal">Kogal</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolita_fashion" title="Lolita fashion">Lolita</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omorashi" title="Omorashi">Omorashi</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otaku" title="Otaku">Otaku</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukeban" title="Sukeban">Sukeban</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural phenomena</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyaru-moji" title="Gyaru-moji">Gyaru-moji</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles" about="#mwt141" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwAcI" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Biker culture","href":"./Template:Biker_culture"},"params":{},"i":0}}]}'><span class="mw-empty-elt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064" about="#mwt142" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Hlist/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""}}'/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517" about="#mwt143" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Navbox/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""}}'/></span></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Biker_culture2938" style="padding:3px" about="#mwt141" id="mwAcM"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span class="mw-empty-elt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064" about="#mwt144" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Hlist/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""}}'/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" about="#mwt145" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Navbar/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""}}'/></span><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Biker_culture" title="Template:Biker culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Biker_culture" title="Template talk:Biker culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Biker_culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Biker culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Biker_culture2938" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Biker culture</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bikers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biker_bar" title="Biker bar">Biker bar</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chopper_(motorcycle)" title="Chopper (motorcycle)">Chopper</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colors_(motorcycling)" title="Colors (motorcycling)">Colors</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle_rally" title="Motorcycle rally">Motorcycle rally</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlaw_motorcycle_club" title="Outlaw motorcycle club">Outlaw motorcycle club</a> (<a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_outlaw_motorcycle_clubs" title="List of outlaw motorcycle clubs">List of clubs</a>, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Motorcycle_Club_terms" title="List of Motorcycle Club terms" class="mw-redirect">List of terms</a>)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squid_(motorcycle)" title="Squid (motorcycle)">Squids</a>, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle_stunt_riding" title="Motorcycle stunt riding">stunters</a> and <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle_hooliganism" title="Motorcycle hooliganism">hooligans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat_Rempit" title="Mat Rempit">Mat Rempit</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooterboy" title="Scooterboy">Scooterboy</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streetfighter" title="Streetfighter" class="mw-redirect">Streetfighter</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snatch_theft" title="Snatch theft">Snatch theft</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_racing" title="Street racing">Street racing</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle_stunt_riding" title="Motorcycle stunt riding">Stunt riding</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_subculture" title="Youth subculture">Youth subculture</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japanese subculture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bōsōzoku" class="mw-selflink selflink">Bōsōzoku</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashiriya" title="Hashiriya" class="mw-redirect">Hashiriya</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukeban" title="Sukeban">Sukeban</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoku" title="Zoku">Zoku</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In the media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film and television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biker_Boyz" title="Biker Boyz">Biker Boyz</a></i></li>
<li><i><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikie_Wars:_Brothers_in_Arms" title="Bikie Wars: Brothers in Arms">Bikie Wars: Brothers in Arms</a></i></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_Rider_(motorcyclist)" title="Ghost Rider (motorcyclist)">Ghost Rider (Swedish motorcyclist)</a></li>
<li><i><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harley_and_the_Davidsons" title="Harley and the Davidsons">Harley and the Davidsons</a></i></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker film</a></li>
<li><i><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_of_Anarchy" title="Sons of Anarchy">Sons of Anarchy</a></i></li>
<li><i><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_(film)" title="Torque (film)">Torque</a></i></li>
<li><i><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_Hogs" title="Wild Hogs">Wild Hogs</a></i></li>
<li><i><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangland_Undercover" title="Gangland Undercover">Gangland Undercover</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_IV:_The_Lost_and_Damned" title="Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned">Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned</a></i></li>
<li><i><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Days_Gone" title="Days Gone">Days Gone</a></i></li>
<li><i><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ride_to_Hell:_Retribution" title="Ride to Hell: Retribution">Ride to Hell: Retribution</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_Street_Heroes" title="Back Street Heroes">Back Street Heroes</a></i></li>
<li><i><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easyriders" title="Easyriders">Easyriders</a></i></li>
<li><i><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Horse_(magazine)" title="Iron Horse (magazine)">Iron Horse</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Atwell" title="David Atwell">David Atwell</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny_Barger" title="Sonny Barger">Sonny Barger</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_"Caesar"_Campbell' title='Colin "Caesar" Campbell'>Colin "Caesar" Campbell</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Christie_(biker)" title="George Christie (biker)">George Christie</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Dobyns" title="Jay Dobyns">Jay Dobyns</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzz_Kanter" title="Buzz Kanter">Buzz Kanter</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Langton" title="Jerry Langton">Jerry Langton</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jørn_Nielsen" title="Jørn Nielsen">Jørn Nielsen</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donny_Petersen" title="Donny Petersen">Donny Petersen</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Polhemus" title="Ted Polhemus">Ted Polhemus</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Queen" title="William Queen">William Queen</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Sher" title="Julian Sher">Julian Sher</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_S._Thompson" title="Hunter S. Thompson">Hunter S. Thompson</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jūgatsu_Toi" title="Jūgatsu Toi">Jūgatsu Toi</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Zito" title="Chuck Zito">Chuck Zito</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_motorcycles_and_motorcycling" title="Outline of motorcycles and motorcycling">Outline of motorcycles and motorcycling</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><i>Bōsōzoku</i></div>
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<span></span>
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<span></span>
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<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText cdx-button__icon"></span>
<span></span>
</a>
<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit cdx-button__icon"></span>
<span></span>
</a>
<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock cdx-button__icon"></span>
<span></span>
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<span>19 languages</span>
</button>
<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive cdx-button__icon"></span>
<span>Add topic</span>
</a>
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<ul>
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Sitemap
Кол-во: 0
XML-карта сайта для поисковиков
?
Sitemap.xml помогает поисковику быстрее находить и индексировать страницы. Особенно важен для крупных сайтов и новых страниц, на которые ещё нет входящих ссылок.
Robots.txt не содержит ссылку на карту сайта. Рекомендуется добавить карту сайта и указать ссылку на нее в robots.txt.
Внутренние ссылки
Кол-во: 59
Ссылки на другие страницы своего сайта
?
Внутренние ссылки распределяют ссылочный вес между страницами и помогают поисковику обходить сайт. Пустые анкоры и ссылки на запрещённые robots.txt страницы — типичные ошибки.
Внутренних ссылок на странице 59 оптимально.
Внутренние ссылки не запрещены к индексации в robots.txt.
На странице присутствуют изображения 1.
Показать внутренние ссылки
| Url | Анкор | Состояние | Анализировать |
|---|---|---|---|
| /wiki/Main_Page |
<span>Main page</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Wikipedia:Contents |
<span>Contents</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Portal:Current_events |
<span>Current events</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Special:Random |
<span>Random article</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Wikipedia:About |
<span>About Wikipedia</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Help:Contents |
<span>Help</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Help:Introduction |
<span>Learn to edit</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal |
<span>Community portal</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Special:RecentChanges |
<span>Recent changes</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard |
<span>Upload file</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Special:SpecialPages |
<span>Special pages</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Special:Search |
<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search cdx-button__icon"></span>
<span>Search</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku |
<span>Create account</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku |
<span>Log in</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku |
<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAvatar mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAvatar cdx-button__icon"></span>
<span>Create account</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku |
<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn cdx-button__icon"></span>
<span>Log in</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku |
<span>Article</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Talk:B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku |
<span>Talk</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku |
<span>Read</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=edit |
<span>Edit</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=history |
<span>View history</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku |
<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-eye mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-eye cdx-button__icon"></span>
<span>Read</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=edit |
<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit cdx-button__icon"></span>
<span>Edit</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=history |
<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history cdx-button__icon"></span>
<span>View history</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku |
<span>What links here</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&oldid=1363623177 |
<span>Permanent link</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=info |
<span>Page information</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&id=1363623177&wpFormIdentifier=titleform |
<span>Cite this page</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FB%25C5%258Ds%25C5%258Dzoku |
<span>Get shortened URL</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&useparsoid=0 |
<span>Switch to legacy parser</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=show-download-screen |
<span>Download as PDF</span>
|
|
|
| /w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&printable=yes |
<span>Printable version</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=edit&section=1 |
<span>edit</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=edit&section=2 |
<span>edit</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=edit&section=3 |
<span>edit</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=edit&section=4 |
<span>edit</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=edit&section=5 |
<span>edit</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=edit&section=6 |
<span>edit</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=edit&section=7 |
<span>edit</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=edit&section=8 |
<span>edit</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /w/index.php?title=B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku&action=edit&section=9 |
<span>edit</span>
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Help:Category |
Categories
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Category:Gangs_in_Japan |
Gangs in Japan
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Category:Japanese_subcultures |
Japanese subcultures
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Category:Motorcycling_subculture |
Motorcycling subculture
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Category:Street_gangs |
Street gangs
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Category:Japanese_words_and_phrases |
Japanese words and phrases
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Category:Motorcycle_customization |
Motorcycle customization
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Category:Zainichi_Korean_culture |
Zainichi Korean culture
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description |
Articles with short description
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata |
Short description is different from Wikidata
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Category:Articles_needing_translation_from_Japanese_Wikipedia |
Articles needing translation from Japanese Wikipedia
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text |
Articles containing Japanese-language text
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Category:All_self-contradictory_articles |
All self-contradictory articles
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Category:Self-contradictory_articles_from_November_2023 |
Self-contradictory articles from November 2023
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata |
Commons category link is on Wikidata
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License |
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Wikipedia:About |
About Wikipedia
|
|
Анализировать url |
| /wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer |
Disclaimers
|
|
Анализировать url |
Внешние ссылки
Кол-во: 214
Ссылки на сторонние сайты
?
Исходящие внешние ссылки передают часть ссылочного веса на чужие сайты. Ссылки на авторитетные ресурсы безопасны; ссылки на мусорные сайты могут навредить репутации страницы.
Внешних ссылок на странице 214 слишком много. Спрячьте лишние ссылки в тег noindex или атрибут rel='nofollow'!
На странице ссылки с атрибутом rel='nofollow' 21.
Показать первые 100 внешних ссылок
| Url | Анкор | Анализировать |
|---|---|---|
| http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us |
<span>Contact us</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| donate.wikimedia.org |
<span>Donate</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| donate.wikimedia.org |
<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-heart mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-heart cdx-button__icon"></span>
<span>Donate</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| ca.wikipedia.org |
<span>Català</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| de.wikipedia.org |
<span>Deutsch</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| es.wikipedia.org |
<span>Español</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| et.wikipedia.org |
<span>Eesti</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| fa.wikipedia.org |
<span>فارسی</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| fr.wikipedia.org |
<span>Français</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| hu.wikipedia.org |
<span>Magyar</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| id.wikipedia.org |
<span>Bahasa Indonesia</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| it.wikipedia.org |
<span>Italiano</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| ja.wikipedia.org |
<span>日本語</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| ko.wikipedia.org |
<span>한국어</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| mk.wikipedia.org |
<span>Македонски</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| nl.wikipedia.org |
<span>Nederlands</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| pl.wikipedia.org |
<span>Polski</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| pt.wikipedia.org |
<span>Português</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| ru.wikipedia.org |
<span>Русский</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| sv.wikipedia.org |
<span>Svenska</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| vi.wikipedia.org |
<span>Tiếng Việt</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| zh.wikipedia.org |
<span>中文</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| wikidata.org |
Edit links
|
Анализировать url |
| http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard |
<span>Upload file</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| commons.wikimedia.org |
<span>Wikimedia Commons</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| wikidata.org |
<span>Wikidata item</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
<img resource="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Translation_to_english_arrow.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/60px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/120px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail 2x" alt="icon" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" data-file-type="drawing" height="17" width="50" class="mw-file-element">
|
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| ja.wikipedia.org |
the corresponding article
|
Анализировать url |
| translate.google.com |
View
|
Анализировать url |
| deepl.com |
DeepL
|
Анализировать url |
| translate.google.com |
Google Translate
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
LLM translation guideline
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
adding a topic
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
main category
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
copyright attribution
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
edit summary
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
interlanguage link
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
talk page
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Wikipedia:Translation
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
<img resource="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chin-sou-dan_002.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Chin-sou-dan_002.jpg/330px-Chin-sou-dan_002.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Chin-sou-dan_002.jpg/960px-Chin-sou-dan_002.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" data-file-type="bitmap" height="219" width="330" class="mw-file-element mw-file-upright" style="--mw-file-upright: 1.3" id="mwCQ">
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
youth subculture
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
customized motorcycles
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
biker gangs
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
boilersuits
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
kanji
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
hachimaki
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Rising Sun Flag
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Japanese road bikes
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
fairings
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
choppers
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
greasers
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Teddy boys
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
<img resource="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kaminari-zoku.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Kaminari-zoku.jpg/250px-Kaminari-zoku.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Kaminari-zoku.jpg/500px-Kaminari-zoku.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="380" data-file-type="bitmap" height="170" width="250" class="mw-file-element" id="mwMw">
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
World War II
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
greaser
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
yakuza
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
<img resource="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:鬼羅連合白龍九十九里総本部.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/%E9%AC%BC%E7%BE%85%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E7%99%BD%E9%BE%8D%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E9%87%8C%E7%B7%8F%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%A8.jpg/250px-%E9%AC%BC%E7%BE%85%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E7%99%BD%E9%BE%8D%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E9%87%8C%E7%B7%8F%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%A8.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/%E9%AC%BC%E7%BE%85%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E7%99%BD%E9%BE%8D%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E9%87%8C%E7%B7%8F%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%A8.jpg/500px-%E9%AC%BC%E7%BE%85%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E7%99%BD%E9%BE%8D%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E9%87%8C%E7%B7%8F%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%A8.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" data-file-type="bitmap" height="188" width="250" class="mw-file-element" id="mwcQ">
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
tasuki
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
<img resource="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Illegal_Vehicle_001.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Illegal_Vehicle_001.jpg/250px-Illegal_Vehicle_001.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Illegal_Vehicle_001.jpg/500px-Illegal_Vehicle_001.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2686" data-file-type="bitmap" height="157" width="250" class="mw-file-element" id="mwmA">
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
chopper
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
café racer
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
fairings
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
header
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
rising sun
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Ibaraki
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Japanese government
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
<span title="This text contradicts material elsewhere on this page. (November 2023)">contradictory</span>
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
yakuza
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
burakumin
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Zainichi
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Japan portal
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Mat Rempit
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Ah Beng
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Mod
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
scooters
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Outlaw motorcycle club
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Raggare
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Tafheet
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Sukeban
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Akira
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Bari Bari Densetsu
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Tokyo Revengers
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Great Teacher Onizuka
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Salary Man Kintaro
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
Shonan Bakusozoku
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
God Speed You! Black Emperor
|
Анализировать url |
| japantimes.co.jp |
"Documentary chronicles disappearing world of 'bosozoku'<span class="cs1-kern-right" id="mwARU"></span>"
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
The Japan Times
|
Анализировать url |
| japantoday.com |
"Police crackdowns fast making hot-rodder spectacles a fading memory"
|
Анализировать url |
| jalopnik.com |
"The Bosozoku Are Japan's Disappearing Rebels Without a Cause"
|
Анализировать url |
| haenfler.sites.grinnell.edu |
"Bosozoku"
|
Анализировать url |
| jalopnik.com |
"The Bosozoku Are Japan's Disappearing Rebels Without A Cause"
|
Анализировать url |
| japantimes.co.jp |
"Japan's 'bosozoku' bikers a vanishing rebel breed"
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
ISBN
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
<bdi id="mwAVk">978-0520953819</bdi>
|
Анализировать url |
| japantimes.co.jp |
"Aichi biker gangs up but downsized"
|
Анализировать url |
| tokyoreporter.com |
"Tokyo cops accuse Chinese Dragon member in gashing of man with broken bottle"
|
Анализировать url |
| tofugu.com |
"The Rise and Fall of Bosozoku"
|
Анализировать url |
| features.japantimes.co.jp |
"Worn to be wild: Tokkōfuku combat uniforms"
|
Анализировать url |
| en.wikipedia.org |
OCLC
|
Анализировать url |
Конкуренты Готовность: 0%
Конкуренты в Яндексе
Кол-во: 0
Топ сайтов-конкурентов в Яндексе
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Мы не нашли у вас конкурентов в Яндексе. Сайт или очень молодой или плохо продвигается.
Конкурентов в ТОП-10 Яндекса не нашлось.
Конкуренты в Google
Кол-во: 0
Топ сайтов-конкурентов в Google
?
Сайты, чаще всего появляющиеся в ТОПе Google по запросам из семантического ядра этой страницы.
Конкуренты в Google тоже не найдены. Займитесь продвижением сайта!
Конкурентов в ТОП-10 Google не нашлось.
ЗоЗПП: права потребителей Готовность: 100%
Нарушения
Не выявлены
Признаков дистанционной продажи товаров (интернет-магазина) не обнаружено — требования ЗоЗПП о раскрытии информации продавца к сайту не применяются. Нарушений нет.
ФЗ-149: рекомендательные технологии Готовность: 100%
Нарушения
Не выявлены
Рекомендательные блоки («с этим покупают», «похожие товары» и т.п.) на сайте не обнаружены — требования ст. 10.7 ФЗ-149 к сайту не применяются. Нарушений нет.
ФЗ-38: реклама Готовность: 100%
Нарушения
Не выявлены
Рекламных тематик с обязательными оговорками (медицина, БАД, кредиты и займы, новостройки) на сайте не обнаружено. Нарушений нет.
ФЗ-436: защита детей Готовность: 100%
Нарушения
Не выявлены
Признаков информационной продукции (новости, видео, книги, игры, курсы) не обнаружено — обязательная возрастная маркировка по ФЗ-436 сайту не требуется. Нарушений нет.
Вердикт
Анализ сайта bosozokustyle.com, слабо оптимизирован на 41%. Для хорошей оптимизации и выхода на первые места в поиске требуется:
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