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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"> <head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="/favicon.svg"><meta name="generator" content="Astro v5.16.6"><title>Collective Bargaining for Information</title><meta name="description" content="Collective Bargaining in the Information Economy can address AI-driven power concentration. A position paper for NeurIPS 2025."><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_astro/index.lYfZdfxj.css"></head> <body> <nav class="navbar"> <div class="navbar-inner"> <a href="/" class="navbar-brand">CB4I</a> <div class="navbar-links"> <a href="/" class="nav-link active"> Overview </a> <button id="theme-toggle" class="theme-toggle" title="Toggle light/dark theme" aria-label="Toggle theme"> <svg class="icon-sun" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="5"></circle><path d="M12 1v2M12 21v2M4.22 4.22l1.42 1.42M18.36 18.36l1.42 1.42M1 12h2M21 12h2M4.22 19.78l1.42-1.42M18.36 5.64l1.42-1.42"></path></svg> <svg class="icon-moon" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M21 12.79A9 9 0 1 1 11.21 3 7 7 0 0 0 21 12.79z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> </nav> <main class="wrap"> <header> <h1>Collective Bargaining in the Information Economy</h1> <p class="subtitle">Can Address AI-Driven Power Concentration</p> <p>
Read the full paper on
<a href="https://neurips.cc/virtual/2025/loc/san-diego/poster/121937">NeurIPS website</a> or PDF via <a href="https://openreview.net/forum?id=SbfjBNlJE7">OpenReview</a> .
</p> <p class="authors"> <strong>Nicholas Vincent</strong><sup>1</sup>
<strong>Matthew Prewitt</strong><sup>2</sup>
<strong>Hanlin Li</strong><sup>3</sup>
</p> <p class="affiliations"> <sup>1</sup>Simon Fraser University
<sup>2</sup>RadicalxChange
<sup>3</sup>University of Texas at Austin
</p> <p class="conference">NeurIPS Position Papers 2025</p> </header> <section class="hero"> <h2>What is CBI?</h2> <p><strong>Collective Bargaining for Information</strong> means data creators negotiate with AI builders over data use</p> <div class="diagram"> <div class="diagram-node"> <strong>Data Creators</strong><br> <small>researchers, writers, artists, coders...</small> </div> <div class="diagram-arrow">↔</div> <div class="diagram-node circle"> <div>Data<br>Intermediary</div> </div> <div class="diagram-arrow">↔</div> <div class="diagram-node"> <strong>AI Builders</strong><br> <small>labs/tech companies</small> </div> </div> <ul> <li><strong>Data intermediaries</strong> represent anyone who creates valuable data for training, evaluation, retrieval (can be cooperatives, nonprofit, companies, public bodies...)</li><li><strong>AI operators</strong> build and deploy models using data acquired by a variety of data creators</li><li><strong>Negotiations</strong> cover terms of data use, compensation, limits, transparency</li> </ul> </section> <div class="two-col"> <div class="card"> <h2>The Problem</h2> <h3>Information Markets Fail</h3> <ul> <li>Information is cheap to copy, hard to exclude</li><li>Competitive markets drive price toward zero</li><li>Producers struggle to capture value -- think piece work for 1 cent instead of well paying, stable content creation jobs</li><li>Humans have centuries of experience iterating on imperfect solutions: IP rights, secrecy, monopolies</li> </ul> <h3>AI Makes It Worse</h3> <ul> <li>Stronger models extract value more efficiently</li><li>Likely to challenge copyright and erode the effectiveness traditional protections</li><li><strong>Risk: extreme power concentration--a potential "capital singularity"</strong></li> </ul> </div> <div class="card"> <h2>The Solution</h2> <h3>CBI Creates Friction To:</h3> <ul> <li>Prevent unchecked extraction of the value of information by powerful actors</li><li>Maintain incentives to produce high-quality information</li><li>Distribute bargaining power more evenly</li> </ul> <h3>Benefits</h3> <ul> <li>Higher quality data will create better, safer AI models</li><li>Prevents collapse of information ecosystems (journalism, Wikipedia, etc.)</li><li>Can support data provenance and transparency -- benefits entire research community</li><li>"Natural source" of accountability for AI development</li> </ul> </div> </div> <section class="card"> <h2>The Stakes</h2> <div class="two-col" style="margin-bottom: 0;"> <div> <h3>Political & Moral Risks</h3> <ul> <li>Democratic instability from labor disruption</li><li>Narrowed creative and cultural diversity</li><li>Homogenization of moral and social norms</li><li>Feedback loops that accelerate concentration</li> </ul> </div><div> <h3>Technical Risks</h3> <ul> <li>Fragile information ecosystems</li><li>Less reliable, lower-quality models</li><li>Unpredictable harms because of data opacity</li><li>Loss of diverse training data sources (performance issues, moral issues)</li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <section class="actions"> <h2>Immediate Actions</h2> <div class="action-grid"> <div class="action-item"> <h3>Information Creators</h3> <p>Form and join data intermediaries that handle data flow to AI builders</p> </div><div class="action-item"> <h3>ML Community</h3> <p>Ship attribution, consent, and robustness into model pipelines; do data valuation to make negotiations credible.</p> </div><div class="action-item"> <h3>HCI Community</h3> <p>Design usable consent, opt-out, and bargaining interfaces that keep humans in the loop.</p> </div><div class="action-item"> <h3>Urgent Policy Actions</h3> <p>Provide antitrust safe harbors and clarity so creator organizations can participate in CBI now.</p> </div><div class="action-item"> <h3>Long-term Policy Framework</h3> <p>Set durable rules for data use, audits, and recourse in AI supply chains.</p> </div><div class="action-item"> <h3>AI Safety Community</h3> <p>Consider CBI as core power-balancing work</p> </div><div class="action-item"> <h3>Tech Companies</h3> <p>Engage in CBI on the buyer side to get better data; some potential increase in short term costs, but large potential gains -- both in terms of capabilities that arise from better data and maintaining/regaining public trust.</p> </div> </div> </section> <section class="card"> <h2>Technical Foundations</h2> <p style="margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-align: center;">Research areas that support CBI:</p> <div class="two-col" style="margin-bottom: 0;"> <div> <h3>Data Valuation & Attribution</h3> <ul> <li>Influence functions, data Shapley, etc.</li><li>Attribution methods</li><li>Scaling studies</li> </ul> </div><div> <h3>Data Control & Robustness</h3> <ul> <li>Federated learning, consent infrastructure, licensing schema and protocols</li><li>Provenance tracking</li><li>Data poisoning and adversarial research</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="callout"> <strong>Together, these methods can help to ground bargaining in credible counterfactual evidence</strong> </div> </section> <section class="card"> <h2>CBI Is Already Emerging</h2> <ul style="font-size: 1.05rem;"> <li>Data licensing deals (e.g., sellers like Reddit, news publishers, etc. are contracting with buyers like OpenAI, Google)</li><li>Labor negotiations centered on AI (e.g., SAG-AFTRA)</li><li>Artist coalitions and opt-out movements</li> </ul> <div class="callout" style="font-size: 1.1rem; margin-top: 1.5rem; padding: 1.25rem;"> <strong>A coordinated coalition can move beyond scattered deals to establish systemic change</strong><br> <span style="font-size: 0.95rem;" class="muted">Not a cure-all, but a practical lever for better equilibria</span> </div> </section> <section class="takeaway"> <h2>Takeaway</h2> <p><strong>A healthy information economy incentivizes the creation and curation of information and distributes power more evenly.</strong></p><p>Collective bargaining for information is one step toward that goal.</p><p>A coalition approach is critical here. Need to get AI capabilities, AI safety, HCI, policy, and data buyers (AI companies) on the same page; incentives are more aligned than we might think!</p> <p style="margin-top: 1.5rem; font-size: 1.05rem;"><strong>Reach out if you want to help build it.</strong></p> <p class="contact" style="margin-top: 0.75rem;"> nvincent@sfu.ca • matt@radicalxchange.org • lihanlin@utexas.edu </p> </section> <section class="card references"> <h2>Related Work</h2> <p class="muted">These papers provide technical and conceptual foundations for CBI. Browse all references at <a href="https://sharedreferences.pages.dev" target="_blank">Shared References</a>.</p> <ul class="ref-list"> <li> <a href="https://sharedreferences.pages.dev/reference/vincent2021dataleverage" target="_blank">Data Leverage</a> <code>vincent2021dataleverage</code> </li><li> <a href="https://sharedreferences.pages.dev/reference/vincent2019datastrikes" target="_blank">Data Strikes</a> <code>vincent2019datastrikes</code> </li><li> <a href="https://sharedreferences.pages.dev/reference/vincent2023datalabor" target="_blank">Data and Labor</a> <code>vincent2023datalabor</code> </li><li> <a href="https://sharedreferences.pages.dev/reference/hardt2023collective" target="_blank">Collective Bargaining</a> <code>hardt2023collective</code> </li><li> <a href="https://sharedreferences.pages.dev/reference/ghorbani2019datashapley" target="_blank">Data Shapley</a> <code>ghorbani2019datashapley</code> </li> </ul> </section> </main> <footer class="network-footer"> <div class="network-footer-content"> <span class="network-label">Related Projects:</span> <nav class="network-links"> <a href="https://datacounterfactuals.org"> Data Counterfactuals </a><a href="https://datalicenses.org"> Data Licenses </a><a href="https://exploringai.org"> Data Napkin Math </a><a href="https://sharedreferences.pages.dev"> Shared References </a><a href="https://extenote.pages.dev"> ExteNote Docs </a> </nav> </div> </footer> <script>
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